Some Notes:

Satyendra Nath Bose was a pioneering Indian physicist known for his work in quantum mechanics. Born on January 1, 1894, in Calcutta, Bose displayed a strong inclination towards science and mathematics from a young age. He attended Presidency College, Kolkata, where he was taught by eminent scientists like Jagadish Chandra Bose and Prafulla Chandra Ray. Post-graduation, he began his research work under the guidance of Prafulla Chandra Ray and Meghnad Saha.

Bose's most significant contribution came in the form of Bose-Einstein statistics and the concept of the Bose-Einstein condensate. He derived Planck's law of black-body radiation using only arguments of Einstein's special theory of relativity, and not referencing classical physics. His revolutionary paper, titled "Planck's Law and the Hypothesis of Light Quanta," was sent to Albert Einstein, who immediately recognized its significance.

Einstein translated the paper into German and had it published in the scientific journal Zeitschrift für Physik. This led to Bose's recognition in the international scientific community. Bose's novel method of counting states of photons, assuming that they could be divided into cells each containing one photon, was extended by Einstein to atoms, leading to the prediction of Bose-Einstein condensates.

Bosons, named after Bose, are particles that follow Bose–Einstein statistics. These particles include the photon, the W and Z bosons, and the Higgs boson, among others. They are characterized by their integer spin and the ability for multiple bosons to occupy the same quantum state.

Phonons are a type of boson that exist in atomic structures. They are quantum mechanical descriptions of vibrating particles and waves within an elastic structure. Phonons play a key role in many of the physical properties of solids, including a material's thermal and electrical conductivity.

Satyendra Nath Bose's contributions to the field of theoretical physics have had a lasting impact, and his work forms a cornerstone of our understanding of quantum physics today.